Woodblock
printing, though more time-consuming and expensive than later methods, was far
less so than the traditional method of writing out each copy of a book by hand;
thus, Japan began to see something of literary mass production. While the Saga
books were printed on expensive paper, and used various embellishments, being
printed specifically for a small circle of literary connoisseurs, other
printers in Kyoto quickly adapted the technique to producing cheaper books in
large numbers, for more general consumption. 
The content of these books varied
widely, including travel guides, advice manuals, kibyōshi (satirical novels), sharebon (books
on urban culture), art books, and play scripts for the jōruri (puppet)
theatre. Often, within a certain genre, such as the jōruri theatre scripts, a particular style of
writing became standard for that genre. For example, one person's personal
calligraphic style was adopted as the standard style for printing plays.
Many
publishing houses arose and grew, publishing both books and single-sheet
prints. One of the most famous and successful was Tsuta-ya. A
publisher's ownership of the physical woodblocks used to print a given text or
image constituted the closest equivalent to a concept of "copyright" that existed at this time.
Publishers or individuals could buy woodblocks from one another, and thus take
over the production of certain texts, but beyond the ownership of a given set
of blocks (and thus a very particular representation of a given subject), there
was no legal conception of the ownership of ideas. Plays were adopted by
competing theaters, and either reproduced wholesale, or individual plot
elements or characters might be adapted; this activity was considered
legitimate and routine at the time.
After
the decline of ukiyo-e and introduction of movable type and
other technologies, woodblock printing continued as a method for printing texts
as well as for producing art, both within traditional modes such as ukiyo-e and in a variety of more radical or
Western forms that might be construed as modern art. Institutes such as the
"Adachi Institute of Woodblock Prints" and "Takezasado"
continue to produce ukiyo-e prints with the same materials and methods as used
in the past
Comentarios
Publicar un comentario